Progesterone is a key hormone that plays an important role in the female reproductive system. It is produced mainly by the corpus luteum in the ovaries after ovulation, and by the placenta during pregnancy. Here's an overview of what progesterone does in the body:
- Prepares the uterus for pregnancy. Progesterone helps build up the uterine lining so it is thick and rich with blood vessels, providing a nourishing environment for an embryo should fertilization occur. If pregnancy does not happen, progesterone levels drop, leading to menstruation.
- Supports pregnancy. If fertilization occurs, progesterone helps maintain the uterine lining to support the embryo. Its levels continue rising steadily during the first trimester. Progesterone relaxes smooth muscle tissue in the uterus, preventing contractions that could cause miscarriage.
- Contributes to breast development. Along with estrogen, progesterone stimulates the growth of milk ducts in the breasts during puberty. During the menstrual cycle, it helps breasts swell and become tender before a period.
- Affects ovulation. When progesterone peaks in the middle of the cycle, it triggers a drop in levels of follicle stimulating hormone, which signals to the ovaries to release an egg.
- Influences libido. Some women notice increased sex drive around ovulation when estrogen and progesterone are high. However, very high progesterone can also decrease libido.
- Impacts mood. Progesterone promotes GABA activity in the brain, which has a calming and anti-anxiety effect. However, sharp drops in progesterone after ovulation and prior to menstruation can contribute to PMS symptoms like mood swings, anxiety, and irritability in some women.
- Regulates body temperature. Progesterone causes a slight rise in basal body temperature in the second half of the menstrual cycle, which may be one way to estimate when ovulation has occurred.
When progesterone levels become deficient, it can lead to health issues like infertility, abnormal periods, repeated miscarriages, and perimenopause symptoms. Hormone testing and progesterone supplements or creams may help correct imbalances.
The knowledgeable physicians at Balance Hormone Clinic can provide cutting-edge hormone testing and customized bioidentical hormone therapy to help women maintain optimal progesterone levels. Contact us today to find out more about our integrative solutions for hormonal health and wellbeing!
In summary, progesterone is an integral reproductive hormone with wide-ranging roles in the menstrual cycle, fertility, pregnancy, and women's health. Tracking progesterone levels and addressing deficiencies through lifestyle changes or professional care can make a big difference. Let us know if you have any other questions!