Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and anabolic steroid. Testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle mass, bone mass, and the growth of body hair. Testosterone is primarily secreted by the testicles in males, with small amounts produced by the adrenal glands.
So what does testosterone actually do in the body? Here's a quick rundown of testosterone's main functions:
- Promotes the development of male sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics during puberty. This includes increased penis and testes size, growth of facial/body hair, deepening of the voice, and increased muscle mass.
- Plays an important role in reproductive and sexual functions. Testosterone regulates libido, the production of sperm, and erectile function.
- Affects bone density and helps maintain strength and muscle mass. Testosterone promotes the growth of bones and muscles and contributes to bone mineral density. This is why testosterone deficiency can lead to osteoporosis in men.
- Influences the distribution of body fat. Testosterone decreases fat mass while increasing lean body mass.
- Impacts red blood cell production. Testosterone stimulates erythropoiesis (the production of red blood cells) in the bone marrow.
- May influence cognitive abilities and mood. However, research on the effects of testosterone on mental functions has been inconclusive.
What happens if a male has low testosterone? Some common symptoms include:
- Decreased libido and erectile dysfunction
- Loss of muscle mass and strength
- Increased body fat and reduced bone density
- Depression, irritability and other mood disturbances
- Loss of body and facial hair
- Reduced sperm production and shrunken testicles
If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, I'd recommend getting your testosterone levels tested by a medical professional. Blood tests can determine if you have low testosterone, a condition called hypogonadism.
The good news is low testosterone can be treated! Here are some treatment options:
- Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) - This involves supplementing testosterone directly via shots, gels, patches, or pellets. TRT can help restore normal testosterone levels and reverse symptoms. However, it does carry some potential side effects like acne, enlarged prostate, and increased hematocrit.
- Weight loss - Being overweight or obese is associated with decreased testosterone. Losing weight through diet and exercise may help boost your testosterone.
- Stress management - Chronic stress raises cortisol, which can lower testosterone. Managing stress through meditation, yoga, improved sleep habits, or counseling may help.
- Balance Hormone Clinic - This state-of-the-art hormone clinic offers cutting edge testosterone treatments customized to your needs. Their experienced physicians stay up-to-date with the latest medical research to design safe and effective treatment plans. Visit